During the 1st European SEPA Symposium on Halitosis, the Guide entitled Halitosis, clinical concepts and management by Doctors Silvia Roldán, Jorge Serrano and David Herrera was introduced. 

This guide is very useful for an in-depth understanding of the causes and treatments of halitosis. 

Among other topics, this guide defines the aetiology of halitosis, indicating that in 90% of all cases, the origin is in the mouth itself and that 60% of oral halitosis cases are associated with periodontal disease. In 41% of all cases halitosis originates on the tongue. 

Assessing bad breath is one of the keys not only in research but also in the diagnosis and treatment of halitosis. This guide teaches us how to assess a patient with halitosis, using a questionnaire and a thorough oral examination. Guidelines for mechanical and physical control are also included, as well as treatment protocols for oral halitosis. 

Physiological halitosis mainly originates on the dorsal posterior surface of the tongue, and bad breath comes from the tongue coating. Therefore, of all oral hygiene instructions set forth in the guide, stress is placed on tongue cleaning.